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Oracle PL/SQL Questions
1. What is normalization. 2. Difference between procedure and functions. 3. Oracle 9i Vs 10g. 4. how to improve the performance of a query. 5. %type vs %rowtype. 6. regression testing. 7. deleting the duplicate records without using rowid in oracle. 8. Row chaining. 9. types of cursors. 2024-08-10, 10228👍, 4💬

💬 2021-02-10 Karthik: Hi, I just read your articles and we decided that we need backlinks from you so please go through the link for our article. Than...

How To Increment Dates by 1
How To Increment Dates by 1? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics If you have a date, and you want to increment it by 1. You can do this by adding the date with a date interval. You can also do this by adding the number 1 directly on the date. The tutorial example below shows you how to addin... 2016-07-06, 32153👍, 1💬

💬 2016-07-06 Julie: Good to know. Thanks.

💬 2010-10-11 Coleen: I have an Oracle table with a column (seq_num) that needs to populated with sequential nbrs based on a group. For example, I hav...

What Are the Differences between CHAR and NCHAR
What Are the Differences between CHAR and NCHAR? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics Both CHAR and NCHAR are fixed length character data types. But they have the following differences: CHAR's size is specified in bytes by default. NCHAR's size is specified in characters by default. A charact... 2016-06-25, 6838👍, 0💬

What Is SQL
What Is SQL? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics SQL, SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), is a language for RDBMS (Relational Database Management Systems). SQL was developed by IBM Corporation. 2007-04-24, 5303👍, 0💬

What Are the Oracle Built-in Data Types
What Are the Oracle Built-in Data Types? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics There are 20 Oracle built-in data types, divided into 6 groups: Character Datatypes - CHAR, NCHAR, NVARCHAR2, VARCHAR2 Number Datatypes - NUMBER, BINARY_FLOAT, BINARY_DOUBLE Long and Row Datatypes - LONG, LONG RAW, ... 2007-04-24, 5433👍, 0💬

How Many Categories of Data Types
How Many Categories of Data Types? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics Oracles supports the following categories of data types: Oracle Built-in Datatypes. ANSI, DB2, and SQL/DS Datatypes. User-Defined Types. Oracle-Supplied Types. 2007-04-24, 5197👍, 0💬

What Are the Differences between CHAR and VARCHAR2
What Are the Differences between CHAR and VARCHAR2? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics The main differences between CHAR and VARCHAR2 are: CHAR stores values in fixed lengths. Values are padded with space characters to match the specified length. VARCHAR2 stores values in variable lengths. ... 2007-04-24, 5126👍, 0💬

What Are the Differences between DATE and TIMESTAMP
What Are the Differences between DATE and TIMESTAMP? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics The main differences between DATE and TIMESTAMP are: DATE stores values as century, year, month, date, hour, minute, and second. TIMESTAMP stores values as year, month, day, hour, minute, second, and fra... 2007-04-24, 5404👍, 0💬

What Are the Differences between NUMBER and BINARY_FLOAT
What Are the Differences between NUMBER and BINARY_FLOAT? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics The main differences between NUMBER and BINARY_FLOAT are: NUMBER stores values as fixed-point numbers using 1 to 22 bytes. BINARY_FLOAT stores values as single precision floating-point numbers. 2007-04-24, 5672👍, 0💬

What Are the Differences between INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH and INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND
What Are the Differences between INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH and INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics The main differences between INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH and INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND are: INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH stores values as time intervals at the month level. INTERVAL DAY ... 2007-04-24, 5637👍, 0💬

What Are the Differences between BLOB and CLOB
What Are the Differences between BLOB and CLOB? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics The main differences between BLOB and CLOB are: BLOB stores values as LOB (Large OBject) in bitstreams. CLOB stores values as LOB (Large OBject) in character steams. 2007-04-24, 5785👍, 0💬

What Are the ANSI Data Types Supported in Oracle
What Are the ANSI Data Types Supported in Oracle? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics The following ANSI data types are supported in Oracle: CHARACTER(n) / CHAR(n) CHARACTER VARYING(n) / CHAR VARYING(n) NATIONAL CHARACTER(n) / NATIONAL CHAR(n) / NCHAR(n) NATIONAL CHARACTER VARYING(n) / NATIO... 2007-04-24, 5268👍, 0💬

How To Write Text Literals
How To Write Text Literals? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics There are several ways to write text literals as shown in the following samples: SELECT 'FYICenter.com' FROM DUAL -- The most common format FYICenter.com SELECT 'It''s Sunday!' FROM DUAL -- Single quote escaped It's Sunday! SELE... 2007-04-24, 5309👍, 0💬

How To Write Numeric Literals
How To Write Numeric Literals? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics Numeric literals can coded as shown in the following samples: SELECT 255 FROM DUAL -- An integer 255 SELECT -6.34 FROM DUAL -- A regular number -6.34 SELECT 2.14F FROM DUAL -- A single-precision floating point 2.14 SELECT -0.... 2007-04-24, 5327👍, 0💬

How To Write Date and Time Literals
How To Write Date and Time Literals? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics Date and time literals can coded as shown in the following samples: SELECT DATE '2002-10-03' FROM DUAL -- ANSI date format 03-OCT-02 SELECT TIMESTAMP '1997-01-31 09:26:50.124' FROM DUAL 31-JAN-97 09.26.50.124000000 AM -... 2007-04-24, 5305👍, 0💬

How To Convert Numbers to Characters
How To Convert Numbers to Characters? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics You can convert numeric values to characters by using the TO_CHAR() function as shown in the following examples: SELECT TO_CHAR(4123.4570) FROM DUAL 123.457 SELECT TO_CHAR(4123.457, '$9,999,999.99') FROM DUAL $4,123.46... 2007-04-23, 5180👍, 0💬

How To Write Date and Time Interval Literals
How To Write Date and Time Interval Literals? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics Date and time interval literals can coded as shown in the following samples: SELECT DATE '2002-10-03' + INTERVAL '123-2' YEAR(3) TO MONTH FROM DUAL -- 123 years and 2 months is added to 2002-10-03 03-DEC-25 SEL... 2007-04-23, 5769👍, 0💬

How To Convert Characters to Numbers
How To Convert Characters to Numbers? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics You can convert characters to numbers by using the TO_NUMBER() function as shown in the following examples: SELECT TO_NUMBER('4123.4570') FROM DUAL 4123.457 SELECT TO_NUMBER(' $4,123.46','$9,999,999.99') FROM DUAL 4123... 2007-04-23, 5927👍, 0💬

How To Convert Dates to Characters
How To Convert Dates to Characters? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics You can convert dates to characters using the TO_CHAR() function as shown in the following examples: SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'DD-MON-YYYY') FROM DUAL; -- SYSDATE returns the current date 07-MAY-2006 SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDAT... 2007-04-23, 5339👍, 0💬

How To Convert Characters to Dates
How To Convert Characters to Dates? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics You can convert dates to characters using the TO_DATE() function as shown in the following examples: SELECT TO_DATE('07-MAY-2006', 'DD-MON-YYYY') FROM DUAL; 07-MAY-06 SELECT TO_DATE('2006/05/07 ', 'YYYY/MM/DD') FROM DUAL... 2007-04-23, 5202👍, 0💬

How To Convert Times to Characters
How To Convert Times to Characters? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics You can convert dates to characters using the TO_CHAR() function as shown in the following examples: SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'HH:MI:SS') FROM DUAL; 04:49:49 SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'HH24:MI:SS.FF') FROM DUAL; -- Error: S... 2007-04-23, 5607👍, 0💬

How To Convert Characters to Times
How To Convert Characters to Times? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics You can convert dates to characters using the TO_CHAR() function as shown in the following examples: SELECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('04:49:49', 'HH:MI:SS'), 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') FROM DUAL; -- Default date is the first day o... 2007-04-23, 5242👍, 0💬

What Is NULL
What Is NULL? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics NULL is a special value representing "no value" in all data types. NULL can be used on in operations like other values. But most opertations has special rules when NULL is involved. The tutorial exercise below shows you some examples: SET NUL... 2007-04-23, 5637👍, 0💬

How To Use NULL as Conditions
How To Use NULL as Conditions? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Understanding SQL Basics If you want to compare values against NULL as conditions, you should use the "IS NULL" or "IS NOT NULL" operator. Do not use "=" or "<>" against NULL. The sample script below shows you some good examples: SELECT 'A' IS... 2007-04-23, 5616👍, 0💬

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.NET C C++ CSS DBA General HTML Java JavaScript JSP JUnit MySQL Networking Oracle Perl Perl PHP PL/SQL RSS Software QA SQL Server Struts Unix Windows XHTML XML