How Many Types of Tables Supported by Oracle? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Managing Oracle Database Tables

Oracle supports 4 types of tables based on how data is organized in storage:

• Ordinary (heap-organized) table - This is the basic, general purpose type of table. Its data is stored as an unordered collection (heap)
• Clustered table - A clustered table is a table that is part of a cluster. A cluster is a group of tables that share the same data blocks because they share common columns and are often used together.
• Index-organized table - Unlike an ordinary (heap-organized) table, data for an index-organized table is stored in a B-tree index structure in a primary key sorted manner. Besides storing the primary key column values of an index-organized table row, each index entry in the B-tree stores the nonkey column values as well.
• Partitioned table - Partitioned tables allow your data to be broken down into smaller, more manageable pieces called partitions, or even subpartitions. Each partition can be managed individually, and can operate independently of the other partitions, thus providing a structure that can be better tuned for availability and performance.