How To Rename a Column in an Existing Table? - Oracle DBA FAQ - Managing Oracle Database Tables

Let's say you have an existing with an existing column, but you don't like the name of that column, can you rename that column name? The answer is yes. You can use the ALTER TABLE ... RENAME COLUMN statement to do this. See the following SQL script:

SQL> CREATE TABLE emp_dept_90 
  2  AS SELECT * FROM employees WHERE department_id=90;
Table created.

SQL> SELECT first_name, last_name FROM emp_dept_90;
FIRST_NAME           LAST_NAME                
-------------------- -------------------------
Steven               King                     
Neena                Kochhar                  
Lex                  De Haan                  

SQL> ALTER TABLE emp_dept_90 RENAME COLUMN first_name
  2  TO fname;
Table altered.

SQL> SELECT fname, last_name FROM emp_dept_90;
FNAME                LAST_NAME                
-------------------- -------------------------
Steven               King                     
Neena                Kochhar                  
Lex                  De Haan                  

As you can see the column "first_name" is nicely changed to "fname".